The Monument Valley-Navajo Mountain region is part of the Colorado Plateau and includes about 1,100 square miles in San Juan County, southeastern Utah, laying between the San Juan and Colorado Rivers on the north and the Utah-Arizona state line on the south. Included in the region are Navajo Mountain, the Rainbow Natural Bridge, and a part of the picturesque Monument Valley. The surface of the region is an upland, consisting of an alternating series of high eastward-facing escarpments and broad westward-sloping plateaus, dissected by the deep canyons of the San Juan and Colorado Rivers and their tributaries. The altitude above sea level of most of the surface is 4,500 to 6,000 feet. This region has unusual scenic beauty, with its varicolored rocks practically unobscured by soil and with its deep canyons, high cliffs, and a variety of fantastic rock forms caved by erosion.
The region is about 175 miles by road from Thompson, Utah, on the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad, and nearly 200 miles by road from Flagstaff, Ariz., on the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway. A road from Flagstaff to Thompson crosses Monument Valley. Practically none of the area is tillable and under cultivation. The only inhabitants are about 20 white persons, who live at 4 trading posts, and about 100 Indians. The meager vegetation consists of shrubs and other small plants of desert types and a few trees; cottonwood trees grow sparsely along the stream courses, cedar and pinon grow on the uplands in scattered patches, and pine and spruce grow on the upper slopes of Navajo Mountain.
- Arthur A. Baker, USGS Bulletin 865, 1936
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